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SCREEENING OF EIGHT ACCESSIONS OF LOCAL MAIZE FOR RESISTANCE TO MAIZE WEEVIL
Categories
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE: Introduction 1
1.1 Background to the Study 1
1.2 Aim and Objective of the Study 4
CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review 5
2.1 Maize 5
2.2 Overview of Maize Production in Nigeria 5
2.3 Demand and Production of Maize 6
2.4 Varieties of Maize 8
2.5 Importance and uses of maize 9
2.6 Maize weevil 12
2.7 Maize storage 13
2.7.1 Hermetic Storage 15
CHAPTER THREE: Materials and Methods 17
3.1 Collection of Samples 17
3.2 Collection of weevils 17
3.3 Screening of the local maize varieties for resistance to maize weevil 18
3.4 Maize Viability Test 18
3.5 Data Analysis 18
CHAPTER FOUR: Results 19
4.1 Maize Resistance to Weevils 19
4.2 Germination Rate of Maize Accessions 21
CHAPTER FIVE: Discussion and Conclusion 35
5.1 Discussion 35
5.2 Conclusion 36
References 37
Appendix 43
LIST OF TABLES
Table Title page
4.1 T-test showing significant differences in the general resistance of weevils infestation of number of damage yellow maize and white maize across all the treatment 23
4.2 T-test showing significant differences in the general resistance of weevils infestation of number of non damage yellow maize and white maize across all the treatment 25
4.3 One way Analysis of variance showing significant difference in the no of damage
and non damage yellow and white maize based on different treatment application 27
4.4 T-test showing significant differences between the damage and not damage
yellow and white maize across different treatment level 29
4.5 One way Analysis of variance showing significant difference across different
treatment application 31
Abstract
The maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais is among the major storage pests that enhance food insecurity among maize farmers. New sources of resistance to the maize weevil are critical in a successful breeding program to address grain damage by postharvest pests. The objective of this study was to screen eight accession of local maize for resistance to maize weevil. The maize samples were yellow and white maize which were sorted by their kernel shapes and grouped in the following format: BOY = Big Oval Yellow, SOY = Small Oval Yellow, BRY =Big Round Yellow SRY = Small Round Yellow, BOW = Big Oval White, SOW = Small Oval White, BRW = Big Round White, SRW = Small Round White. Highest death rate was recorded in SRW, followed by SOW, SRY, BOY, SOY and BOW. The least death rate was found in BRY and BRW. The rate of germination and percentage showed that SOW has the highest germination rate, followed by BRW, BOW, SRW, SRY, BRY and BOW. The maize with least germination rate was SOY. There was no significant difference in the general resistance of weevils infestation of number of damage yellow maize and white maize across all the treatments (t-1.17, p>0.05). There was no significant difference in the general resistance of weevils infestation of number of non-damage yellow maize and white maize across all the treatment (t=1.146, p>0.05). There was no significant difference in the no of damage and non-damage yellow and white maize based on different treatment application (F=0.310 and 0.303; P>0.05) and finally, there was a significant difference between the damage and non-damage yellow and white maize across different treatment level in favour of damage yellow and white maize. The use of resistant varieties should be promoted in managing S. zeamais in stored maize under subsistence farming conditions in Africa.
Keywords: Sitophilus zeamais, local maize accessions, weevil death rate, germination rate, resistance
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