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SCREEENING OF EIGHT ACCESSIONS OF LOCAL MAIZE FOR RESISTANCE TO MAIZE WEEVIL

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Table of contents

CHAPTER ONE: Introduction                                                                                               1

1.1       Background to the Study                                                                                            1

1.2       Aim and Objective of the Study                                                                                 4

CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review                                                                                    5

2.1       Maize                                                                                                                          5

2.2       Overview of Maize Production in Nigeria                                                                 5

2.3       Demand and Production of Maize                                                                              6

2.4       Varieties of Maize                                                                                                      8

2.5       Importance and uses of maize                                                                                    9

2.6       Maize weevil                                                                                                              12

2.7       Maize storage                                                                                                             13

2.7.1    Hermetic Storage                                                                                                        15

CHAPTER THREE: Materials and Methods                                                                         17

3.1       Collection of Samples                                                                                                17

3.2       Collection of weevils                                                                                                  17

3.3       Screening of the local maize varieties for resistance to maize weevil             18

3.4       Maize Viability Test                                                                                                   18

3.5       Data Analysis                                                                                                              18

CHAPTER FOUR: Results                                                                                                    19

4.1       Maize Resistance to Weevils                                                                                     19

4.2       Germination Rate of Maize Accessions                                                                     21

CHAPTER FIVE: Discussion and Conclusion                                                                      35

5.1       Discussion                                                                                                                   35

5.2       Conclusion                                                                                                                  36

References                                                                                                                              37

Appendix                                                                                                                                43

LIST OF TABLES

Table  Title                                                                                                                          page

4.1       T-test showing significant differences in the general resistance of weevils                    infestation of number of damage yellow maize and white maize across all the            treatment                                                                                                                     23

4.2       T-test showing significant differences in the general resistance of weevils                    infestation of number of non damage yellow maize and white maize across all the treatment                                                                                                                     25

4.3       One way Analysis of variance showing significant difference in the no of damage 

            and non damage yellow and white maize based on different treatment application   27

4.4       T-test showing significant differences between the damage and not damage 

            yellow and white maize across different treatment level                                             29

4.5       One way Analysis of variance showing significant difference across different             

            treatment application                                                                                                   31

Abstract

The maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais is among the major storage pests that enhance food insecurity among maize farmers. New sources of resistance to the maize weevil are critical in a successful breeding program to address grain damage by postharvest pests. The objective of this study was to screen eight accession of local maize for resistance to maize weevil. The maize samples were yellow and white maize which were sorted by their kernel shapes and grouped in the following format: BOY = Big Oval Yellow, SOY = Small Oval Yellow, BRY =Big Round Yellow SRY = Small Round Yellow, BOW = Big Oval White, SOW = Small Oval White, BRW = Big Round White, SRW = Small Round White. Highest death rate was recorded in SRW, followed by SOW, SRY, BOY, SOY and BOW. The least death rate was found in BRY and BRW. The rate of germination and percentage showed that SOW has the highest germination rate, followed by BRW, BOW, SRW, SRY, BRY and BOW. The maize with least germination rate was SOY. There was no significant difference in the general resistance of weevils infestation of number of damage yellow maize and white maize across all the treatments (t-1.17, p>0.05). There was no significant difference in the general resistance of weevils infestation of number of non-damage yellow maize and white maize across all the treatment (t=1.146, p>0.05). There was no significant difference in the no of damage and non-damage yellow and white maize based on different treatment application (F=0.310 and 0.303; P>0.05) and finally, there was a significant difference between the damage and non-damage yellow and white maize across different treatment level in favour of damage yellow and white maize. The use of resistant varieties should be promoted in managing S. zeamais in stored maize under subsistence farming conditions in Africa.

 

Keywords: Sitophilus zeamais, local maize accessions, weevil death rate, germination rate, resistance

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