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SCREENING OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA FROM UNRIPE FRESH PEPPER AND THEIR EFFECT ON POTENTIAL SPOILAGE ORGANISMS
Categories
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Justification 4
1.3 General Objective 4
1.4 Specific Objectives 4
CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review 5
2.1 Overview of Lactic Acid Bacteria 5
2.2 Bacteriocin 8
2.2.1 Bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria 10
2.3 The Antimicrobial Action of LAB in Food Preservation 12
2.3.1 Organic Acids, Acetaldehyde and Ethanol 12
2.3.2 Hydrogen Peroxide 13
2.3.3 Carbon Dioxide 14
2.3.4 Diacetyl 14
2.3.5 Reuterin 15
2.4 Biopreservation of Vegetable Products 15
CHAPTER THREE: Materials and Methods 17
3.1 Study Area 17
3.2 Sample collection 17
3.3 Media Used 17
3.4 Sample Analysis 17
3.5 Isolation and Identification of the Bacteria 18
3.5.1 Isolation and Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria 18
3.5.2 Gram’s Staining Reaction 18
3.5.3 Coagulase Test 20
3.5.4 Sugar Fermentation Test 20
3.5.5 Nitrate Reduction Test Procedure 21
3.5.6 Motility Test 21
3.5.7 Catalase Test 21
3.5.8 Oxidase Test 22
3.5.9 Indole Production Test 22
3.6 Microscopy Morphology 23
3.7 Test Bacteria 23
3.8 Detection of Antimicrobial Activity 23
CHAPTER FOUR: Results 25
CHAPTER FIVE: Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendations 32
5.1 Discussion 32
5.2 Conclusion 34
5.3 Recommendation 35
REFERENCES 37
LIST OF TABLES
Table Tile Page
4.1 Mean Count of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Unripe Pepper (Capsicum
annum) 26
4.2 Morphological and Biochemical Characteristics of Isolates 27
Recovered from Unripe Pepper
4.3 Incidence and Occurrence of LAB in Unripe Pepper (Capsicum
annum) Samples Sold in Ago-Iwoye and Ijebu-Igbo 28
4.4 Total Count of the Bacteria Organism Isolated from Unripe Fresh
Pepper (Capsicum annum) 29
4.5 Number and Percentage Occurrence of Spoilage Organism Isolated
from Unripe Fresh Pepper (Capsicum annum) 30
4.6 Antimicrobial Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria on Potential
Pepper (Capsicum annum) Spoilage Bacteria 31
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are important because they can produce substances with pleasant sensory characteristics during meat processing. Moreover, the action of various antimicrobial compounds produced during the fermentation process, such as lactic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid, may result in an unfavourable environment for the development of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, this study examined the screening of lactic acid bacteria on unripe fresh pepper and the effect on potential spoilage organisms.
Five (5) sets of unripe pepper (Capsicum annum) were purchased in Ago-Iwoye Market, Ijebu-North Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria and transferred immediately to the Olabisi Onabanjo University Microbiology Laboratory for further bacteriological analysis. Samples were serially diluted and plated on different media using pour plate method according to standard procedures. The colonies were identified by comparing their morphological and biochemical characteristics with standard reference organisms.
A total of sixteen isolates comprising of three different genera of LAB were isolated from unripe pepper. The genera were Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc and Lactococcus. The lactic acid bacteria showed inhibitory effect on growth of potential pathogens which include Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis. The total lactic acid bacteria count on the unripe pepper ranged between 1.1 x 106 – 3.2 x 106 cfu/m.
It was revealed in this study that lactic acid bacteria demonstrated a promising and potent antimicrobial activities which can be harnessed for medical and commercial purposes especially in the treatment of diseases caused by pathogenic organisms
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