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SCREENING OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA FROM UNRIPE FRESH PEPPER AND THEIR EFFECT ON POTENTIAL SPOILAGE ORGANISMS

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Table of contents

CHAPTER ONE                                                                                        1

1.1      Introduction                                                                                     1

1.2      Justification                                                                                     4

1.3      General Objective                                                                            4

1.4      Specific Objectives                                                                          4

CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review                                                          5

2.1      Overview of Lactic Acid Bacteria                                                     5

2.2      Bacteriocin                                                                                      8

2.2.1   Bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria                                    10

2.3      The Antimicrobial Action of LAB in Food Preservation                     12

2.3.1   Organic Acids, Acetaldehyde and Ethanol                                         12

2.3.2   Hydrogen Peroxide                                                                          13

2.3.3   Carbon Dioxide                                                                               14

2.3.4   Diacetyl                                                                                           14

2.3.5   Reuterin                                                                                          15

2.4      Biopreservation of Vegetable Products                                              15

CHAPTER THREE: Materials and Methods                                                17

3.1      Study Area                                                                                      17

3.2      Sample collection                                                                             17

3.3      Media Used                                                                                     17

3.4      Sample Analysis                                                                              17

3.5      Isolation and Identification of the Bacteria                                        18

3.5.1   Isolation and Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria                           18

3.5.2   Gram’s Staining Reaction                                                                 18

3.5.3   Coagulase Test                                                                                20

3.5.4   Sugar Fermentation Test                                                                   20

3.5.5   Nitrate Reduction Test Procedure                                                     21

3.5.6   Motility Test                                                                                    21

3.5.7   Catalase Test                                                                                   21

3.5.8   Oxidase Test                                                                                    22

3.5.9    Indole Production Test                                                                    22

3.6      Microscopy Morphology                                                                  23

3.7      Test Bacteria                                                                                   23

3.8      Detection of Antimicrobial Activity                                                  23

CHAPTER FOUR: Results                                                                         25

CHAPTER FIVE: Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendations                     32

5.1      Discussion                                                                                       32

5.2      Conclusion                                                                                      34

5.3      Recommendation                                                                             35

REFERENCES                                                                                          37

 LIST OF TABLES

Table Tile                                                                                                 Page

4.1      Mean Count of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Unripe Pepper (Capsicum 

          annum)                                                                                            26

4.2      Morphological and Biochemical Characteristics of Isolates                     27

          Recovered from Unripe Pepper

4.3      Incidence and Occurrence of LAB in Unripe Pepper (Capsicum

          annum) Samples Sold in Ago-Iwoye and Ijebu-Igbo                          28

 4.4      Total Count of the Bacteria Organism Isolated from Unripe Fresh 

          Pepper (Capsicum annum)                                                               29

 4.5      Number and Percentage Occurrence of Spoilage Organism Isolated 

          from Unripe Fresh Pepper (Capsicum annum)                                   30

4.6      Antimicrobial Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria on Potential

          Pepper (Capsicum annum) Spoilage Bacteria                                    31

Abstract

          Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are important because they can produce substances with pleasant sensory characteristics during meat processing. Moreover, the action of various antimicrobial compounds produced during the fermentation process, such as lactic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid, may result in an unfavourable environment for the development of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, this study examined the screening of lactic acid bacteria on unripe fresh pepper and the effect on potential spoilage organisms.

          Five (5) sets of unripe pepper (Capsicum annum) were purchased in Ago-Iwoye Market, Ijebu-North Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria and transferred immediately to the Olabisi Onabanjo University Microbiology Laboratory for further bacteriological analysis. Samples were serially diluted and plated on different media using pour plate method according to standard procedures. The colonies were identified by comparing their morphological and biochemical characteristics with standard reference organisms.

          A total of sixteen isolates comprising of three different genera of LAB were isolated from unripe pepper. The genera were Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc and Lactococcus. The lactic acid bacteria showed inhibitory effect on growth of potential pathogens which include Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis. The total lactic acid bacteria count on the unripe pepper ranged between 1.1 x 106 – 3.2 x 106 cfu/m. 

          It was revealed in this study that lactic acid bacteria demonstrated a promising and potent antimicrobial activities which can be harnessed for medical and commercial purposes especially in the treatment of diseases caused by pathogenic organisms 

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