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SOURCES AND USES OF FORMAL AND INFORMAL CREDIT BY SMALL BUSINESS IN NIGERIA: A CASE STUDY OF IJEBU-NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA
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Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background to the Study 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem 3
1.3 Research Questions 5
1.4 Aim and Objectives of the Study 5
1.5 Significance of the Study 5
1.6 Scope of the Study 6
1.7 Plan of the Study 6
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 7
2.1 Conceptual Review 7
2.1.1 Concept of Small Business 7
2.1.2 Concept of Sources of Financing 8
2.1.3 Formal Sources 9
2.1.4 Informal Sources 9
2.1.5 Trade Credit 10
2.1.6 SME Owners, Friends and Family 11
2.1.7 Angel Investor/Business Angel 11
2.2 Theoretical Review 12
2.2.1 Pecking order Theory/Hypothesis of Lending 12
2.3 Empirical Review 14
2.3.1 Sources and Uses of Formal and Informal Credit by Small Business: Evidence
from Developed Countries 14
2.3.2 Sources and Uses of Formal and Informal Credit by Small Business: Evidence
from Developing Countries 16
2.3.3 Sources and Uses of Formal and Informal Credit by Small Business: Evidence
from Developing Countries: Evidence from Nigeria 19
2.4 Gaps in Literature 25
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY 26
3.1 Theoretical Framework 26
3.2 Methodology 27
3.2.1 Research Design 27
3.2.2 Population of the Study 27
3.2.3 Sample Size and Sampling Procedure 27
3.3 Method of Data Analysis 27
3.3.1 Source of Data 27
3.3.2 Type of Data 27
3.3.3 Tools for Data Analysis 28
3.4 Apriori Expectation 28
CHAPTER FOUR: Data presentation, interpretation and analysis 29
4.0 Introduction 29
4.1 Analysis of Respondents’ Personal Data 29
4.2 Analysis of Research Questions 31
4.3 Economic Interpretation of Results 38
4.4 Implication of Findings 40
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 41
5.1 Summary 41
5.2 Conclusion 41
5.3 Recommendations 42
REFERENCES 43
APPENDIX: QUESTIONNAIRE 46
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine and evaluate the sources and uses of formal and informal credit by small business in Nigeria, using Ijebu North Local Government as a case study. It specifically investigated the major sources of finance for small businesses in Nigeria; examined the current access to formal and informal credit facilities by SMEs in Nigeria; determined the uses of credit facilities by small businesses in Nigeria; and examined the factors that hinder small business access to credit facilities, especially in the short term and long term.
The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The population of this study comprised of the small businesses in Ijebu-North Local Government Area. A sample size of four hundred and fifty (450) small business were selected for the study using random sampling techniques was used to select one hundred and fifty (150) small businesses from each of the location. Data generated through questionnaire were analysed with the aid of descriptive statistics such as frequency count and simple percentage for the demographic data while mean and standard deviation was used to analysed the research questions.
The study showed that the sources and uses of formal and informal credit by small business in Nigeria, using Ijebu North Local Government as a case study. Result showed that small businesses have some constraints in accessing credit facilities. Findings showed that majority of the small businesses access loan from either formal or informal but do not use it for actual purpose. Also, there are stringent conditions for access credit facilities which hinder majority of business owners from accessing credit facilities. The factors that inhibit credit availability to small business lack of start-up (seed) capital; lack of awareness of existing credit schemes; high interest rates; lengthy and vigorous procedures for loan applications; and, lack of collateral security for finance.
It can be concluded that small businesses have access to formal and informal credit facilities but the credit facilities are not used for the purpose for which it is obtained. However, despite the faults with the Nigerian macroeconomic environment and the small business operators internal issues, the access to finance contribute to the problem of financing small business as most of the lenders display apathy towards the small businesses, preferring to offer their services to larger multinational firms. Among other recommendations is that financial institutions should design appropriate policy that are flexible enough to meet the requirement of small businesses that intend to acquire loan.
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