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SOURCES AND USES OF FORMAL AND INFORMAL CREDIT BY SMALL BUSINESS IN NIGERIA: A CASE STUDY OF IJEBU-NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA

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Table of contents

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION                                                                                               1

1.1       Background to the Study                                                                                           1

1.2       Statement of the Problem                                                                                           3

1.3       Research Questions                                                                                                     5

1.4       Aim and Objectives of the Study                                                                               5

1.5       Significance of the Study                                                                                           5

1.6       Scope of the Study                                                                                                     6

1.7       Plan of the Study                                                                                                        6

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW                                                                                    7

2.1       Conceptual Review                                                                                                     7

2.1.1    Concept of Small Business                                                                                         7

2.1.2    Concept of Sources of Financing                                                                               8

2.1.3    Formal Sources                                                                                                           9

2.1.4    Informal Sources                                                                                                         9

2.1.5    Trade Credit                                                                                                                10

2.1.6    SME Owners, Friends and Family                                                                             11

2.1.7    Angel Investor/Business Angel                                                                                  11

2.2       Theoretical Review                                                                                                     12

2.2.1    Pecking order Theory/Hypothesis of Lending                                                            12

2.3       Empirical Review                                                                                                        14

2.3.1    Sources and Uses of Formal and Informal Credit by Small Business: Evidence 

            from Developed Countries                                                                                         14

2.3.2    Sources and Uses of Formal and Informal Credit by Small Business: Evidence

            from Developing Countries                                                                                        16

2.3.3    Sources and Uses of Formal and Informal Credit by Small Business: Evidence

            from Developing Countries: Evidence from Nigeria                                                  19

2.4       Gaps in Literature                                                                                                       25

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY                                                                              26

3.1       Theoretical Framework                                                                                               26

3.2       Methodology                                                                                                              27

3.2.1    Research Design                                                                                                         27

3.2.2    Population of the Study                                                                                              27

3.2.3    Sample Size and Sampling Procedure                                                            27

3.3       Method of Data Analysis                                                                                           27

3.3.1    Source of Data                                                                                                                        27

3.3.2    Type of Data                                                                                                               27

3.3.3    Tools for Data Analysis                                                                                              28

3.4       Apriori Expectation                                                                                                    28

CHAPTER FOUR: Data presentation, interpretation and analysis 29

4.0       Introduction                                                                                                                29

4.1       Analysis of Respondents’ Personal Data                                                                    29

4.2       Analysis of Research Questions                                                                                 31

4.3       Economic Interpretation of Results                                                                            38

4.4       Implication of Findings                                                                                              40

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS                       41

5.1       Summary                                                                                                                     41

5.2       Conclusion                                                                                                                  41

5.3       Recommendations                                                                                                      42

REFERENCES                                                                                                                      43

APPENDIX: QUESTIONNAIRE                                                                                        46

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine and evaluate the sources and uses of formal and informal credit by small business in Nigeria, using Ijebu North Local Government as a case study. It specifically investigated the major sources of finance for small businesses in Nigeria; examined the current access to formal and informal credit facilities by SMEs in Nigeria; determined the uses of credit facilities by small businesses in Nigeria; and examined the factors that hinder small business access to credit facilities, especially in the short term and long term.

            The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The population of this study comprised of the small businesses in Ijebu-North Local Government Area. A sample size of four hundred and fifty (450) small business were selected for the study using random sampling techniques was used to select one hundred and fifty (150) small businesses from each of the location. Data generated through questionnaire were analysed with the aid of descriptive statistics such as frequency count and simple percentage for the demographic data while mean and standard deviation was used to analysed the research questions.

            The study showed that the sources and uses of formal and informal credit by small business in Nigeria, using Ijebu North Local Government as a case study. Result showed that small businesses have some constraints in accessing credit facilities. Findings showed that majority of the small businesses access loan from either formal or informal but do not use it for actual purpose. Also, there are stringent conditions for access credit facilities which hinder majority of business owners from accessing credit facilities. The factors that inhibit credit availability to small business lack of start-up (seed) capital; lack of awareness of existing credit schemes; high interest rates; lengthy and vigorous procedures for loan applications; and, lack of collateral security for finance.

            It can be concluded that small businesses have access to formal and informal credit facilities but the credit facilities are not used for the purpose for which it is obtained. However, despite the faults with the Nigerian macroeconomic environment and the small business operators internal issues, the access to finance contribute to the problem of financing small business as most of the lenders display apathy towards the small businesses, preferring to offer their services to larger multinational firms. Among other recommendations is that financial institutions should design appropriate policy that are flexible enough to meet the requirement of small businesses that intend to acquire loan.

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