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ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PATTERNS OF BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM A SOLID WASTE DUMPSITE
Categories
Table of contents
Table of contents vi
List of Tables ix
List of Figure x
CHAPTER ONE: Introduction 1
1.1 Background of the Study 1
1.2 Aim of the Study 5
1.3 Objectives of the Study 5
1.4 Justification of the Study 5
CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review 6
2.1 Municipal Solid Waste 6
2.2 Municipal Solid Waste Management 7
2.3 Antibiotic Resistance 8
2.3.1 Emergence of Resistance 9
2.4 Problems of Antibiotic Resistance 11
2.5 Specific Mechanisms of Resistance 12
2.5.1 Staphylococcus aureus 12
2.5.2 Escherichia coli 13
2.5.3 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 14
2.6 Spread of Antimicrobial Resistance 15
CHAPTER THREE: Materials and Method 17
3.0 Description of Study Area 17
3.1 Sample Collection 17
3.2 Sterilization and Aseptic Techniques 17
3.3 Instrument and Glassware 17
3.4 Media Used 18
3.5 Isolation of Microorganism 18
3.6 Identification of Bacteria Isolates 18
3.6.1 Morphological Characteristics 19
3.7 Identification and Characterization of Microorganisms 19
3.7.1 Microscopic Identification of Bacteria Isolates Gram Staining 19
3.7.2 Catalase Test 20
3.7.3 Oxidase Test 20
3.7.4 Citrate Utilisation Test 21
3.7.5 Urease Test 21
3.7.6 Indole Test 22
3.7.7 Kligler Iron Agar (KIA) 22
3.8 Determination of Microbial Load of Sample 23
3.8.1 Total Coliform Count 23
3.8.2 Total Viable Count 23
3.9 Antibiotic Susceptibility Test 23
3.10 Determination of Multiple Antibiotic Resistances 24
CHAPTER FOUR: Results 25
CHAPTER FIVE: Discussion and conclusion 34
References 37
Appendix: Resistance pattern of isolates to test antibiotics 50
LIST OF TABLES
Table Tile Page
4.1 Isolation Rate of Bacteria 27
4.2 Morphological Characteristics of Bacterial Isolates 28
4.3 Biochemical Characteristics of bacterial Isolates 29
4.4 Mean Total Viable Count of Solid Waste Dumpsite 30
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure Title Page
1 antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Isolates 33
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the antibiotic resistance pattern of bacteria isolated from solid waste dumpsite. A total of 4 samples were analysed for the presence of bacteria. The isolation of organisms was done by pour plate method using selective agar, Eosin-methylene-blue (EMB) agar and MacConkey agar. Total coliform count was determined by pour plate method on MacConkey agar plates. The isolates were identified and characterised using conventional biochemical methods. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was carried out using four antibiotics: gentamycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin and ceftriazone by disc diffusion method. A total of 18 isolates belonging to 6 genera (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella spp., Escherichia coli, Proteus spp., Bacillus spp. and Salmonella spp.) were isolated from the solid waste dumpsite. The total viable count ranged from 1.6 x 108 to 3.1 x 108 Cfu/ml. The total coliform count ranged from 1.0 x 107 to 2.6 x 107 Cfu/ml. Resistance to test antibiotics ranged from 22% to 89%. Majority of the isolates were susceptible to gentamycin. These outcomes showed that people living around dumpsite environment are at great risk because of the possibility of antibiotic resistant organism contaminating the environment as surface water.
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