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ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PATTERNS OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES FROM RIVER SEDIMENT

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Table of contents

Table of Contents                                                                                       vi

List of Tables                                                                                             vii

CHAPTER ONE                                                                                        1

1.1      Introduction                                                                                     1

1.2      Aim of the Study                                                                              4

1.3      Objectives of the Study                                                                    4

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW                                               5

2.1      Microorganisms and Ecosystem                                                        5

2.2      Sediment and Its Pollutant                                                                6

2.3      Role of Sediment in River                                                                8

2.4      Sediment and microbiological indicators                                           9

2.5      Sources, Fate and Behavior of Microorganisms in Water                      10

2.5.1   Fate in Sediments and in Submerged Aquatic Vegetation                      11

2.5.2   Transport and Fate of Microorganisms                                              13

CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHOD                                   16

3.0      Description of the Sampling Site                                                       16

3.1      Sample Collection                                                                            16

3.2      Determination of Microbial Load                                                      16

3.2.1   Sample Preparation                                                                          16

3.2.2   Total Coliform Count                                                                       17

3.3      Isolation of Microorganism                                                              17

3.4      Identification of Bacteria Isolates                                                      18

3.4.1   Morphological Characteristics                                                          18

3.5      Identification and Characterization of Bacterial Isolated                     19

3.5.1   Microscopic Identification of Bacteria Isolates Gram Staining                   19

3.5.2   Catalase Test                                                                                   20

3.5.3   Oxidase Test                                                                                    20

3.5.4   Citrate Utilisation Test                                                                     21

3.5.5   Urease Test                                                                                      21

3.5.6   Indole Test                                                                                      21

3.5.7   Kligler Iron Agar (KIA)                                                                   22

3.6      Antibiotic Susceptibility Test                                                            22

3.6.1   Determination of Multiple Antibiotic Resistances                             23

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS                                                                    24

CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION                              33

REFERENCES                                                                                          36

APPENDIX                                                                                               42

 

 



 

LIST OF TABLES

Table Title                                                                                                Page

4.1      Isolation Rate of Bacteria in River Sediment                                     26

4.2      Morphological characteristics of isolates recovered from River 

          Sediment                                                                                         27

 

4.3      Biochemical characteristics of bacterial isolates                                 28

4.4      Total Viable Count of River Sediment                                               29

4.5      Total Coliform Count of River Sediment                                           30

4.6      Resistance Pattern of Isolates to Test Antibiotics                               31

 

 



 

LIST OF FIGURES

Figures         Title                                                                                      Page

1                   Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Isolates         32 

Abstract

The combination of living and dead materials suspended in river which finally lead to the formation of sediment can be a source of contamination for water in river used for domestic activities. This study was conducted to investigate the isolation and identification of microorganisms present in the sediment of river. A total of 6 samples were analysed for the presence of bacteria. Isolation was done by pour plate method using selective agar, Eosin-methylene-blue (EMB) agar and MacConkey agar. Total coliform count was determined by pour plate method on MacConkey agar plates. Suspected isolates were identified and characterised using conventional biochemical methods. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was carried out using five antibiotics: ampicillin, tretracycline, ceftriaxone, amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin by disc diffusion method. A total of 12 isolates made up of 5 genera (Escherichia coli, Slamonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Shigella spp.) were isolated from the river seidment. Total viable count ranged from 2.9 x 107 cfu/ml to 5.1 x 107 cfu/ml. Total coliform count ranged from 2.0 x 105 cfu/ml to 3.1 x 105 cfu/ml. Resistance to test antibiotics ranged from 41% to 83.4%. These results show the river sediments serve as reservoirs of antibiotic resistant bacteria species which may have public health consequences. 

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