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ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PATTERNS OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES FROM RIVER SEDIMENT
Categories
Table of contents
Table of Contents vi
List of Tables vii
CHAPTER ONE 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Aim of the Study 4
1.3 Objectives of the Study 4
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 5
2.1 Microorganisms and Ecosystem 5
2.2 Sediment and Its Pollutant 6
2.3 Role of Sediment in River 8
2.4 Sediment and microbiological indicators 9
2.5 Sources, Fate and Behavior of Microorganisms in Water 10
2.5.1 Fate in Sediments and in Submerged Aquatic Vegetation 11
2.5.2 Transport and Fate of Microorganisms 13
CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHOD 16
3.0 Description of the Sampling Site 16
3.1 Sample Collection 16
3.2 Determination of Microbial Load 16
3.2.1 Sample Preparation 16
3.2.2 Total Coliform Count 17
3.3 Isolation of Microorganism 17
3.4 Identification of Bacteria Isolates 18
3.4.1 Morphological Characteristics 18
3.5 Identification and Characterization of Bacterial Isolated 19
3.5.1 Microscopic Identification of Bacteria Isolates Gram Staining 19
3.5.2 Catalase Test 20
3.5.3 Oxidase Test 20
3.5.4 Citrate Utilisation Test 21
3.5.5 Urease Test 21
3.5.6 Indole Test 21
3.5.7 Kligler Iron Agar (KIA) 22
3.6 Antibiotic Susceptibility Test 22
3.6.1 Determination of Multiple Antibiotic Resistances 23
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS 24
CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 33
REFERENCES 36
APPENDIX 42
LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Page
4.1 Isolation Rate of Bacteria in River Sediment 26
4.2 Morphological characteristics of isolates recovered from River
Sediment 27
4.3 Biochemical characteristics of bacterial isolates 28
4.4 Total Viable Count of River Sediment 29
4.5 Total Coliform Count of River Sediment 30
4.6 Resistance Pattern of Isolates to Test Antibiotics 31
LIST OF FIGURES
Figures Title Page
1 Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Isolates 32
Abstract
The combination of living and dead materials suspended in river which finally lead to the formation of sediment can be a source of contamination for water in river used for domestic activities. This study was conducted to investigate the isolation and identification of microorganisms present in the sediment of river. A total of 6 samples were analysed for the presence of bacteria. Isolation was done by pour plate method using selective agar, Eosin-methylene-blue (EMB) agar and MacConkey agar. Total coliform count was determined by pour plate method on MacConkey agar plates. Suspected isolates were identified and characterised using conventional biochemical methods. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was carried out using five antibiotics: ampicillin, tretracycline, ceftriaxone, amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin by disc diffusion method. A total of 12 isolates made up of 5 genera (Escherichia coli, Slamonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Shigella spp.) were isolated from the river seidment. Total viable count ranged from 2.9 x 107 cfu/ml to 5.1 x 107 cfu/ml. Total coliform count ranged from 2.0 x 105 cfu/ml to 3.1 x 105 cfu/ml. Resistance to test antibiotics ranged from 41% to 83.4%. These results show the river sediments serve as reservoirs of antibiotic resistant bacteria species which may have public health consequences.
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