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BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM ROOT OF NEEM TREE AND THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY
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Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background to the study 1
1.2 Problem Statement 4
1.3 Aim and Objectives 5
1.4 Significance of the study 5
1.5 Definition of terms 6
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 8
2.1 Taxonomy and botanical description of genus Jatropha 8
2.2 Physical Characteristics of Jatropha podagrica 13
2.3 Cultivation of Jatropha podagrica 14
2.4 Solvent Extraction of Jatropha podagrica 15
2.5 Phytochemistry of Jatropha prodagrica 18
2.6 Microbial Activities and Medicinal Uses of Jatropha podagrica 20
2.7 Green Synthesis by Using Jatropha pogadrica plant 25
CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS 27
3.1 Collection of Jatropha podragrica 27
3.2 Extraction of active components from Jatropha podagrica 27
3.3 Phytochemical analysis 28
3.3.1 Test for alkaloids 28
3.3.2 Test for flavonoids 29
3.3.2.1 NaOH test 29
3.3.3 Test for saponins 29
3.3.4 Test for tannins 29
3.3.4.1 Lead sub-acetate test 29
3.3.5 Test for phenols 30
3.3.5.1 Ferric chloride test 30
3.3.6 Test for glycosides 30
3.3.6.1 Legal’s test 30
3.3.6.2 Ferric chloride test 30
3.4 UV-Visible spectroscopy 30
3.5 FT-IR 31
3.6 GC-MS 31
3.7 Thin layer chromatography (TLC) 32
3.8 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Analysis 33
3.9 Synthesis of Silver (Ag) Nanoparticles 33
3.9.1 Method of Characterization of Ag Nanoparticles 34
3.10 Synthesis of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles 34
3.10.1 Method of Characterization of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles 35
3.11 Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles 35
3.11.1 Method of Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles 36
3.12 Synthesis of Copper (Cu) nanoparticles 36
3.12.1 Characterization of Copper (Cu) nanoparticles 37
3.13 Microbial activities of plants 37
3.13.1 Minimum inhibitory concentration 38
3.13.2 Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) 39
CHAPTER FOUR: DISCUSSION 40
4.1 Limitation 41
4.2 Inferences 45
CHAPTER FIVE 49
5.1 Conclusion 49
5.2 Contribution to Knowledge 51
References 52
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURES TITLE PAGES
1 Flower of Jatropha podagrica Hook 10
2 Jatropha podagrica Hook 11
3 Fruit of Jatropha podagrica Hook. 12
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