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DETECTION AND ENUMERATION OF COLIFORM BACTERIA IN DRINKING WATER AT SOME PRIVATE HOSPITALS IN ORU, IJEBU-LAND
Categories
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE: Introduction 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Justification of the Study 4
1.3 Aim of the Study 5
1.4 Objectives of the Study 5
CHAPTER TWO 6
2.1 Literature Review 6
2.2 Drinking Water Quality 9
2.3 Water Borne Pathogens and Diseases 11
2.4 Indicator Organisms of Drinking Water 13
2.4.1 Coliform Bacteria 15
2.4.2 Thermotolerant Coliform Bacteria 18
2.4.2.1 Escherichia coli 19
2.4.2.2 Faecal Streptococci and Enterococci 19
2.4.2.3 Clostridium perfringens 21
2.5 Reservoirs and Transmission Routes of Waterborne Diseases in Healthcare 22
2.5.1 Sinks 24
2.5.2 Showers 24
2.5.3 Bathing and Tub Immersion 25
2.5.4 Electronic Faucets 25
2.5.5 Decorative Water Wall Fountains 26
2.5.6 Heater-Cooler Units 27
2.6 Control of Water Contamination in Healthcare Facilities 28
CHAPTER THREE 30
3.1 Study Area 30
3.2 Collection of Water Samples 30
3.3 Materials and Methods 31
3.4 Sterilization of Glassware 32
3.5 Preparation of Media 32
3.6 Physical and Chemical Analysis 32
3.7 Heterotrophic Plate Count (HPC) 34
3.8 Enumeration of Bacteria 34
3.9 Cultural and Biochemical Characteristics 35
3.9.1 Culture Techniques 35
3.9.1.1 Gram Staining 36
3.9.2 Biochemical Tests 37
3.9.1.1 Methyl Red Test 37
3.9.2.2 Voges Proskeur Test 37
3.9.2.3 Indole Production Test 38
3.9.2.4 Urease Test 38
3.9.2.5 Citrate Utilisation Test 38
3.10 Antibiotic Susceptibility Test 39
CHAPTER FOUR: Results 40
CHAPTER FIVE: Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendations 50
5.1 Discussion 50
5.2 Conclusion 53
5.3 Recommendations 53
References 54
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE TITLE PAGES
4.1 Physiochemical Analysis of Drinking Water Samples of Private Hospitals
Understudy 41
4.2 Microbial Counts of Isolates from Drinking Water Samples of Private Hospitals
Understudy 42
4.3 Morphological Characteristics of Coliform Bacteria Isolated from Drinking Water
of Private Hospitals Understudy 43
4.4 Biochemical Characteristics of Coliform Bacteria Recovered from Drinking Water
of Private Hospitals Understudy 45
4.5 Zone of Inhibition of Coliform Bacteria Recovered from Drinking Water of Private
Hospital 47
Abstract
Contamination of drinking water with coliform bacteria is responsible for the occurrence of waterborne diseases such as typhoid fever, dysentry, cholera, meningitis and diarrhea. The aim of this study was to detect and enumerate coliform bacteria in drinking water at some private hospital in Oru, Ogun State, Nigeria. A total number of twenty (24) drinking water samples were collected from six different hospitals in Oru-Ijebu, Ogun State. To detect the coliform bacteria in water, lactose broth medium was used. Nutrient agar was used to culture bacterial cells, Eosin methylene blue agar was used for isolation, enumeration and differentiation of enterobacteriaceae while lactose broth medium was used to detect coliform bacteria. The physiochemical parameters of the drinking water sample shows that the pH of the drinking water ranged from 6.3 – 7.8, temperature ranged from 21oC – 28oC. All the drinking water samples collected were colourless, tasteless and non-turbid. The total coliform count of drinking water ranged from 104 cfu/ml to 935 cfu/ml. The total feacal count ranged from 115 cfu/ml to 875 cfu/ml. A total number of twenty-two coliform bacteria belonging to three genera namely Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp. and Klebsiella pneumonae were identified. Klebsiella pneumonae has the highest percentage occurrence with 10 (45%), followed by Escherichia coli 7 (32%) and Enterobacter spp. 5 (23%). In this study, 100% of the bacteria isolates were susceptible to Gentamycin and Amoxicillin, 68% of the bacteria isolates were susceptible to Erythromycin, 55% of the bacteria isolates were susceptible to Chloramphenicol and Ciprofloxacin while the least susceptible antibiotic were Gentamycin and Streptomycin. These results clearly showed that the quality of the water consumed in hospital understudy is critical in controlling infectious diseases and other health problems. It is suggested that interventions aimed at providing drinking water for hospitals in the developing world should be balanced with efforts that promote the required hygiene behavioral change.
Keyword: Coliform Bacteria, Hospital Drinking Water, Antibiotics
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