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INVESTIGATION ON THE INACTIVATION OF EXTENDED SPECTRUM BETA LACTAMASES USING OCIMUM GRATISSIMUM (SCENT LEAF)
Categories
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Aim and Objective of the Study 3
CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review 4
2.1 ESBL definition and classification 4
2.1.1 SHV type 5
2.1.2 TEM type 5
2.1.3 CTX type 6
2.1.4 OXA type 8
2.1.5 PER type 9
2.1.6 GES type 10
2.1.7 VEB-1, BES-1, and other ESBL type 10
2.2 Ocimum gratissimum 10
2.2.1 Traditional Uses 11
2.2.3 Antimicrobial and Antifungal Activity 12
CHAPTER THREE: Materials and Methods 16
3.1 Study Area 16
3.2 Test Samples and Method of Collection 16
3.3 Collection and identification of the plant materials 16
3.4 Extraction of active components from plant materials 17
3.5 Examination of Isolates for Multi-antibiotic resistance and ESβL-
production 17
3.6 Effects of plant extracts on extended spectrum β-lactamase producing
bacteria 18
3.7 Dilution of plant materials 19
3.8 Test isolates 19
3.9 Antibacterial susceptibility testing of the plant extracts 19
CHAPTER FOUR: Results 21
CHAPTER FIVE 29
5.1 Discussion of Findings 29
5.2 Conclusion and Recommendations 31
References 33
LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Page
1 Morphology and characterization of test organisms 23
2 Biochemical reaction of the test organisms 24
3 Inhibitory zones of the test organisms on extract at different concentration 25
4 Minimum Inhibitory Concentration 26
5 Minimum Bactericidal Concentration 27
6 Correlation between the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration 28
Abstract
There is a renewed interest today in seeking new sources of drugs and medicine from plants, and modern chemical screening techniques that encourage rapid surveys of potentially valuable species. The present work was carried out on investigation on the inactivation of ESBL by scent leave. A total number of 10 organisms collected from Nigerian Institute of Medical Research were used in this study; these were Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris and Klebsiella oxytoca. Klebsiella oxytoca had the highest zone of inhibition 29mm at 100mg/ml, followed by Salmonella spp. at 25mm at 100mg/ml, Pseudomnas spp. 24mm at 100mg/ml, Serratia marcescens 23 at 100mg/ml. All the organisms had various zone of inhibition at 50mg/ml, 25mg/ml. However, Salmonella spp., Serratia marcescens and Salmonella typhi had no zone of inhibition 12.5mg/ml while only Salmonella spp. and Pseudomonas typhi had zone of inhibition at 6.2mg/ml). Escherichia coli had the highest minimum inhibitory concentration at 100mg, followed by Salmonella spp. at 12.5mg/ml, Klebsiella pnuemoniae at 12.5mg/ml, Klebsiella oxytoca at 12.5mg/ml, Proteus mirabilis at 12.5mg/ml, Proteus mirabilis at 12.5mg/ml, Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 12.5mg/ml, Salmonella typhi at 6.20mg/ml and Pseudomonas spp. at 6.25mg/ml. Sarratia marcescens had the least minimum inhibitory concentration at 3.13mg/ml. The results of the present study suggest that O. gratissimum extracts possess compounds with potent antimicrobial properties against ESBL producing organisms. Therefore, plants could be sources of compounds, which might be useful in managing beta-lactam resistant bacteria
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