CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1       Background to the Study

1.2       Aim of the Study

1.3       Objectives of the Study

1.4       Significance of the Study

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1       Soil Microbiology

2.2       Clostridium Genus

2.2.1    Clostridium Tetani

2.3       Etiological Agent of Tetanus

2.4       Transmission of Tetanus

2.5       Signs and Symptoms of Tetanus

2.6       Treatment and Prevention of Tetanus 

CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHOD

3.1       Sample Collection

3.2       Sterilization and Aseptic Techniques

3.3       Instrument and Glassware

3.4       Media Used

3.5       Determination of Microbial Load

3.5.1    Sample Preparation

3.5.2    Total Coliform Count

3.6       Isolation of Clostridium tetani

3.7       Identification of Clostridium tetani

3.7.1    Morphological Characteristics of Clostridium tetani

3.7.2    Microscopic Identification of Clostridium tetani Gram Staining

3.7.3    Catalase Test

3.7.4    Oxidase Test

3.7.5    Citrate Utilisation Test

3.7.6    Urease Test

3.7.7    Indole Test

3.7.8    Kligler Iron Agar (KIA)

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS

Tables

CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1       Discussion of results

5.2       Conclusion

5.3       Recommendations

Clostridium tetani, the etiologic agent of tetanus, produces a toxin that causes spastic paralysis in humans and other vertebrates. This study was aimed at isolating and characterization of Clostridium tetani from football field in Ijebu-igbo. Fourteen (14) Clostridium tetani were isolated from 10 football field sampled and identified using standard biochemical test. Total bacteria count ranged from 2.7 x 104 to 4.7 x 104. The bacteria count was found in the sample collected at Sopen Comprehensive School with 4.7 x 104, followed by the sample collected at Beje High School with 4.6 x 104, and the lowest bacteria count was found in Molusi College. The presence of Clostridium tetani in the football field showed that players with injury are at a greater risk of contracting tetanus because it is the etiologic agent of tetanus. Therefore, public awareness is unbeatable and need to be emphasized among the players who play on football pitch.