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ISOLATION AND SCREENING OF SOIL BACTERIA FOR POTENTIAL ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY

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Table of contents

CHAPTER ONE

1.0       Introduction                                                                                                    1          

1.1       Aim of the Study                                                                                            3

1.2       Objectives of the Study                                                                                  3

CHAPTER TWO

2.0       Literature Review                                                                                           4

2.1       Some Bacteria that have Ability to Produce Antibiotics                               10

2.1.1    Bacillus spp.                                                                                                   10

2.1.2    Actinomycetes                                                                                                 11

2.1.3    Streptomyces                                                                                                   12

CHAPTER THREE

3.0       Materials and Methods                                                                                   14

3.1       Collection of Samples                                                                                    14

3.2       Materials Used                                                                                                14

3.3       Medium Used                                                                                                 14

3.4       Preparation of Media                                                                                      15

3.5       Isolation of Microbes                                                                                      15

3.6       Characterization and Staining Methods                                                         15

3.7       Biochemical Test                                                                                            16

3.7.1    Indole Test                                                                                                      16

3.7.2    Catalase Test                                                                                                   16

3.7.3    Citrate Utilization Test                                                                                   16

3.7.4    MR-VP Test                                                                                                   17

3.7.5    Triple Sugar Iron Agar Test (TSI)                                                                  17

3.8       Test Bacteria                                                                                                   18

3.9       Screening of Soil Isolates for Antibiotic Activity                                          18

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS                                                                 21

CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION                              27                 

5.1      Discussion                                                                                       27

5.2      Conclusion                                                                                      29

REFERENCES                                                                                          31

 

LIST OF TABLES

Table   Title                                                                                                                Page

4.1       Total viable bacterial count of soil samples                                                   23

4.2       Biochemical characterization of bacterial isolates from soils samples           24

4.3       Frequency of occurrence of isolate bacteria                                                 25

4.4       Zone inhibition in millimeter (mm) of bacteria isolate against test 

           bacteria                                                                                                            26

Abstract

Antibiotic is one of the most important commercially exploited secondary metabolites produced by bacteria and employed in a wide range. Most of the antibiotics used today are from the microorganisms. This study was conducted to isolate and screen soil bacteria for antibiotic production. Soil samples were collected from different fruit and vegetable farms in Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State and isolation of bacteria was done by spread plate method using Nutrient agar after serial dilution. The total viable counts of the samples ranged from 1.9 x 106 cfu/g to 7.0 x 106 cfu/g. Fourteen (14) isolates belonging to five genera were isolated in this study. They were Escherichia coli (4), Staphylococcus aureus (3), Klebsiella pneumoniae (3), Streptococcus pneumoniae (2) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2). Five out of these isolates, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were screened for antibiotic production. Escherichia coli inhibited the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae while Klebsiella pneumoniae inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aerugionosa. However, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aerugiona did inhibit growths of the test organisms. The results of this study indicate that the potential of some soil bacteria produce antimicrobial compounds that can be useful for many applications and it must be better explored. 

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