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ISOLATION AND SCREENING OF SOIL BACTERIA FOR POTENTIAL ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY
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Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Aim of the Study 3
1.2 Objectives of the Study 3
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review 4
2.1 Some Bacteria that have Ability to Produce Antibiotics 10
2.1.1 Bacillus spp. 10
2.1.2 Actinomycetes 11
2.1.3 Streptomyces 12
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Materials and Methods 14
3.1 Collection of Samples 14
3.2 Materials Used 14
3.3 Medium Used 14
3.4 Preparation of Media 15
3.5 Isolation of Microbes 15
3.6 Characterization and Staining Methods 15
3.7 Biochemical Test 16
3.7.1 Indole Test 16
3.7.2 Catalase Test 16
3.7.3 Citrate Utilization Test 16
3.7.4 MR-VP Test 17
3.7.5 Triple Sugar Iron Agar Test (TSI) 17
3.8 Test Bacteria 18
3.9 Screening of Soil Isolates for Antibiotic Activity 18
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS 21
CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 27
5.1 Discussion 27
5.2 Conclusion 29
REFERENCES 31
LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Page
4.1 Total viable bacterial count of soil samples 23
4.2 Biochemical characterization of bacterial isolates from soils samples 24
4.3 Frequency of occurrence of isolate bacteria 25
4.4 Zone inhibition in millimeter (mm) of bacteria isolate against test
bacteria 26
Abstract
Antibiotic is one of the most important commercially exploited secondary metabolites produced by bacteria and employed in a wide range. Most of the antibiotics used today are from the microorganisms. This study was conducted to isolate and screen soil bacteria for antibiotic production. Soil samples were collected from different fruit and vegetable farms in Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State and isolation of bacteria was done by spread plate method using Nutrient agar after serial dilution. The total viable counts of the samples ranged from 1.9 x 106 cfu/g to 7.0 x 106 cfu/g. Fourteen (14) isolates belonging to five genera were isolated in this study. They were Escherichia coli (4), Staphylococcus aureus (3), Klebsiella pneumoniae (3), Streptococcus pneumoniae (2) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2). Five out of these isolates, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were screened for antibiotic production. Escherichia coli inhibited the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae while Klebsiella pneumoniae inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aerugionosa. However, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aerugiona did inhibit growths of the test organisms. The results of this study indicate that the potential of some soil bacteria produce antimicrobial compounds that can be useful for many applications and it must be better explored.
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