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NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF FERMENTED AND UNFERMENTED Parkia biglobosa IN COMBINATION WITH Cinnamomum verum
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Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background to the Study 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem 2
1.3 Justification of the Study 3
1.4 Aim and Objectives of the Study 3
CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review 4
2.1 Overview of Parkia Biglobosa 4
2.2 Studies on Nutritional Components of Raw and Fermented Parkia Biglobosa 10
2.3 Medicinal Uses of Parkia biglobosa 16
2.4 Phytochemical Constituents 17
2.5 Overview of Cinnamomum verum (Cinnamon) 17
2.6 Phytochemical composition of Cinnamomum verum (Cinnamon) 19
2.7 Potential Benefits of Cinnamomum verum (Cinnamon) for Human 20
CHAPTER THREE 21
3.0 Materials and Methods 21
3.1 Study Area 21
3.2 Plant Collection 21
3.3 Plant Identification 21
3.4 Processing of Parkia biglobosa 21
3.5 Sample Preparation 22
3.6 Mineral Analysis 22
3.6.1 Metal analysis on AAS 22
3.6.2 Potassium and Sodium analysis on Flame Photometer 22
3.6.3 Colorimetric Determination of Phosphate 23
3.7 Proximate Analysis 24
3.7.1 Crude protein determination 24
3.7.2 Adapted Auto-Analyzer Method for Nitrogen 25
3.7.3 Determination of Ash 26
3.7.4 Fibre Determination 26
3.7.5 Nitrogen Free Extract (NFE) 27
3.7.6 Crude Fat or Ether Extract 28
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS 30
CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 48
5.1 Discussion 48
5.2 Conclusion 51
References 52
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE TITLE PAGES
4.1 Proximate Analysis of Samples 32
4.2 mineral content (mg/kg) of the samples 41
Abstract
In this research, nutritional composition of fermented Parkia biglobosa in combination with unfermented Parkia biglobosa and Cinnamomum verum (cinnamon) was carried out.
Fermented and unfermented seed of Parkia biglobosa were gotten from Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria Ibadan while cinnamon was gotten from New Market Ijebu, Ogun State and identified in the Department of Soil Science, Forestry Research Institute of Nigerian, Ibadan, Nigeria. The recipes were oven dried at 45oC and powdered. The samples were taken to the laboratory to detect the value of proximate composition (crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, total ash, moisture content, dry matter and nitrogen free extract) and mineral content analysis (calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium, potassium and phosphorus) using Standard Method of the Association of Official analytical Chemists (AOAC, 2000).
From the result of the proximate analysis, there were significant differences in the crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre and nitrogen free extract values. However, there was no significant difference between unfermented Parkia biglobosa and unfermented Parkia biglobosa combined with cinnamon but there were significant difference in other spices in total ash value. In moisture content there was no significant difference between unfermented Parkia biglobosa and fermented Parkia biglobosa combined with cinnamon, cinnamon and unfermented Parkia biglobosa combined with cinnamon value. There were no significant difference between unfermented Parkia biglobosa, unfermented Parkia biglobosa combined with cinnamon and fermented Parkia biglobosa combined with cinnamon but there are significant difference in other spices in the value of dry matter. Also from the result of mineral content analysis, there were significant difference between the values of calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium and phosphorus. Meanwhile there was no significant difference between unfermented Parkia biglobosa combined with cinnamon and fermented Parkia biglobosa combined with cinnamon.
It was concluded that the recipe, i.e. fermented Parkia biglobosa, unfermented Parkia biglobosa, cinnamon, unfermented Parkia biglobosa in combination with cinnamon, fermented Parkia biglobosa with cinnamon were every nutritional and are rich in mineral content. However, there was significant higher percentage in the proximate and mineral content of the combined recipe, compared to individual recipe. This shows that the recipe can be combined together for diet purpose.
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