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NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF FERMENTED AND UNFERMENTED Parkia biglobosa IN COMBINATION WITH Cinnamomum verum

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Table of contents

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION                                                                                               1

1.1       Background to the Study                                                                                           1

1.2       Statement of the Problem                                                                                           2

1.3       Justification of the Study                                                                                           3

1.4       Aim and Objectives of the Study                                                                               3

CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review                                                                                     4

2.1       Overview of Parkia Biglobosa                                                                                   4

2.2       Studies on Nutritional Components of Raw and Fermented Parkia Biglobosa        10

2.3       Medicinal Uses of Parkia biglobosa                                                                           16

2.4       Phytochemical Constituents                                                                                       17

2.5       Overview of Cinnamomum verum (Cinnamon)                                                         17

2.6       Phytochemical composition of Cinnamomum verum (Cinnamon)                             19

2.7       Potential Benefits of Cinnamomum verum (Cinnamon) for Human                          20

CHAPTER THREE                                                                                                                21

3.0       Materials and Methods                                                                                               21

3.1       Study Area                                                                                                                  21

3.2       Plant Collection                                                                                                          21

3.3       Plant Identification                                                                                                     21

3.4       Processing of Parkia biglobosa                                                                                  21

3.5       Sample Preparation                                                                                                     22

3.6       Mineral Analysis                                                                                                         22

3.6.1    Metal analysis on AAS                                                                                               22

3.6.2    Potassium and Sodium analysis on Flame Photometer                                               22

3.6.3    Colorimetric Determination of Phosphate                                                                  23

3.7       Proximate Analysis                                                                                                     24

3.7.1    Crude protein determination                                                                                       24

3.7.2    Adapted Auto-Analyzer Method for Nitrogen                                                          25

3.7.3    Determination of Ash                                                                                                 26

3.7.4    Fibre Determination                                                                                                    26

3.7.5    Nitrogen Free Extract (NFE)                                                                                      27

3.7.6    Crude Fat or Ether Extract                                                                                         28

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS                                                                                              30

CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS        48

5.1       Discussion                                                                                                                   48

5.2       Conclusion                                                                                                                  51

References                                                                                                                              52

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE          TITLE                                                                                                PAGES

4.1       Proximate Analysis of Samples                                                                      32

4.2       mineral content (mg/kg) of the samples                                                          41

Abstract

In this research, nutritional composition of fermented Parkia biglobosa in combination with unfermented Parkia biglobosa and Cinnamomum verum (cinnamon) was carried out.

            Fermented and unfermented seed of Parkia biglobosa were gotten from Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria Ibadan while cinnamon was gotten from New Market Ijebu, Ogun State and identified in the Department of Soil Science, Forestry Research Institute of Nigerian, Ibadan, Nigeria. The recipes were oven dried at 45oC and powdered. The samples were taken to the laboratory to detect the value of proximate composition (crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, total ash, moisture content, dry matter and nitrogen free extract) and mineral content analysis (calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium, potassium and phosphorus) using Standard Method of the Association of Official analytical Chemists (AOAC, 2000).

From the result of the proximate analysis, there were significant differences in the crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre and nitrogen free extract values. However, there was no significant difference between unfermented Parkia biglobosa and unfermented Parkia biglobosa combined with cinnamon but there were significant difference in other spices in total ash value. In moisture content there was no significant difference between unfermented Parkia biglobosa and fermented Parkia biglobosa combined with cinnamon, cinnamon and unfermented Parkia biglobosa combined with cinnamon value. There were no significant difference between unfermented Parkia biglobosa, unfermented Parkia biglobosa combined with cinnamon and fermented Parkia biglobosa combined with cinnamon but there are significant difference in other spices in the value of dry matter. Also from the result of mineral content analysis, there were significant difference between the values of calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium and phosphorus. Meanwhile there was no significant difference between unfermented Parkia biglobosa combined with cinnamon and fermented Parkia biglobosa combined with cinnamon.

            It was concluded that the recipe, i.e. fermented Parkia biglobosa, unfermented Parkia biglobosa, cinnamon, unfermented Parkia biglobosa in combination with cinnamon, fermented Parkia biglobosa with cinnamon were every nutritional and are rich in mineral content. However, there was significant higher percentage in the proximate and mineral content of the combined recipe, compared to individual recipe. This shows that the recipe can be combined together for diet purpose.

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