Pages

48

Words

8,828

Chapters

5

Payment Methods

NOTE: It's highly recommended to before making a purchase to enjoy the benefits as a registered user.

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PATTERNS OF BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM UNIVERSITY MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY DUMPSITE

Categories

Table of contents

Table of contents                                                                                                        vi

List of Tables                                                                                                              ix

List of Figure                                                                                                              x

CHAPTER ONE                                                                                        1

1.1      Introduction                                                                                     1

1.2      Aim of the Study                                                                              4

1.3      Objectives of the Study                                                                    4

1.4      Justification of the Study                                                                  4

CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review                                                          5

2.1      Historical Perspective on Antimicrobial Resistance                           5

2.2      Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment                                    10

2.3      Genetic Basis of Antibiotic Resistance                                              11

2.3.1   Inherent resistance                                                                           11

2.3.2   Mutational resistance                                                                       11

2.4      Mechanism of Resistance Transfer                                                   12

2.4.1   Horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes                               12

2.5      The Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance                                           16

CHAPTER THREE: Materials and Methods                                                19

3.0      Description of Study Site                                                                  19

3.1      Sample Collection                                                                            19

3.2      Sterilization and Aseptic Techniques                                                19

3.3      Instrument and Glassware                                                                20

3.4      Media Used                                                                                     20

3.5      Determination of Microbial Load                                                      21

3.5.1   Sample Preparation                                                                          21

3.5.2   Total Coliform Count                                                                       21

3.6      Isolation of Microorganism                                                              22

3.7      Identification of Bacteria Isolates                                                      22

3.7.1   Morphological Characteristics                                                          22

3.8      Identification and Characterization of Bacterial Isolated                     23

3.8.1   Microscopic Identification of Bacteria Isolates Gram Staining                   22

3.8.2   Catalase Test                                                                                   24

3.8.3   Oxidase Test                                                                                    24

3.8.4   Citrate Utilisation Test                                                                     25

3.8.5   Urease Test                                                                                     25

3.8.6   Indole Test                                                                                      25

3.8.7   Kligler Iron Agar (KIA)                                                                   26

3.9      Antibiotic Susceptibility Test                                                            27

3.11    Determination of Multiple Antibiotic Resistances                             27

CHAPTER FOUR: Results                                                                         28

CHAPTER FIVE: Discussion and conclusion                                              37

References                                                                                                 41

Appendix                                                                                                   50

 LIST OF TABLES

Table Tile                                                                                                 Page

4.1      Isolation Rate of Bacteria                                                                30

4.2      Morphological Characteristics of Isolates Recovered from

          Microbiology Dumpsite                                                                    31

4.3      Biochemical Characteristics of Bacterial Isolates                               32

4.4      Mean Total Viable Count of Microbiology Laboratory Dumpsite      33

 LIST OF FIGURE

Figure Title                                                                                                    Page

1        Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Isolates          36 

Abstract

The unhygienic disposal of waste has been reported to contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance in the environment. This study was conducted to examine the occurrence and antibiotic resistance status of bacteria on a Microbiology laboratory dumpsite. A total of 6 samples were analysed for the presence of bacteria. Isolation was done by pour plate method using selective agar, Eosin-methylene-blue (EMB) agar and MacConkey agar. Total coliform count was determined by pour plate method on MacConkey agar plates. Suspected isolates were identified and characterised using conventional biochemical methods. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was carried out using four antibiotics: gentamycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin and ceftriazone by disc diffusion method. A total of 10 isolates made up of 5 genera (Escherichia coli, Proteus spp., Bacillus spp., Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp.) were isolated from the dumpsite. Total viable count ranged from 3.0 x 109 cfu/ml to 6.2 x 109 cfu/ml. Total coliform count ranged from 2.8 x 107 cfu/ml to 4.8 x 107 cfu/ml. Resistance to test antibiotics ranged from 40% to 80%. All isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone. These results show the dumpsite serve as reservoirs of antibiotic resistant bacteria species which may have public health consequences. 

Share This Topics

Please Note:

We represent an esteemed online resource center duly registered with the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC). Our commitment to integrity and reliability underscores our ethos, ensuring that our services are delivered with utmost trustworthiness. It is our solemn assurance that we conduct our operations with the highest ethical standards, thereby precluding any possibility of deception or fraudulent activities. Guided by our reverence for ethical conduct, we pledge to uphold the principles of honesty and transparency in all our dealings. Rest assured, upon confirmation of your payment, our dedicated team endeavors to promptly furnish you with the requisite project materials within a timeframe of 30 minutes.

We further emphasize that the materials provided are intended for reference purposes, and it is incumbent upon the buyer to adapt and tailor the content to meet their specific requirements. It is imperative to exercise due diligence in ensuring that any utilization of the project or research content is in accordance with academic integrity standards, thus mitigating the risk of plagiarism

Projects are sent in MS word format within 30 minutes - 60 minutes of payment confirmation. For questions and complaints call or WhatsApp: +2348062235854 or +2348166784138

NOTE: By ordering for this material, you have read and agreed with our Terms of use

Payment Methods

NOTE: It's highly recommended to before making a purchase to enjoy the benefits as a registered user.

Feature Project Topics