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ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PATTERNS OF BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM UNIVERSITY MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY DUMPSITE
Categories
Table of contents
Table of contents vi
List of Tables ix
List of Figure x
CHAPTER ONE 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Aim of the Study 4
1.3 Objectives of the Study 4
1.4 Justification of the Study 4
CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review 5
2.1 Historical Perspective on Antimicrobial Resistance 5
2.2 Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment 10
2.3 Genetic Basis of Antibiotic Resistance 11
2.3.1 Inherent resistance 11
2.3.2 Mutational resistance 11
2.4 Mechanism of Resistance Transfer 12
2.4.1 Horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes 12
2.5 The Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance 16
CHAPTER THREE: Materials and Methods 19
3.0 Description of Study Site 19
3.1 Sample Collection 19
3.2 Sterilization and Aseptic Techniques 19
3.3 Instrument and Glassware 20
3.4 Media Used 20
3.5 Determination of Microbial Load 21
3.5.1 Sample Preparation 21
3.5.2 Total Coliform Count 21
3.6 Isolation of Microorganism 22
3.7 Identification of Bacteria Isolates 22
3.7.1 Morphological Characteristics 22
3.8 Identification and Characterization of Bacterial Isolated 23
3.8.1 Microscopic Identification of Bacteria Isolates Gram Staining 22
3.8.2 Catalase Test 24
3.8.3 Oxidase Test 24
3.8.4 Citrate Utilisation Test 25
3.8.5 Urease Test 25
3.8.6 Indole Test 25
3.8.7 Kligler Iron Agar (KIA) 26
3.9 Antibiotic Susceptibility Test 27
3.11 Determination of Multiple Antibiotic Resistances 27
CHAPTER FOUR: Results 28
CHAPTER FIVE: Discussion and conclusion 37
References 41
Appendix 50
LIST OF TABLES
Table Tile Page
4.1 Isolation Rate of Bacteria 30
4.2 Morphological Characteristics of Isolates Recovered from
Microbiology Dumpsite 31
4.3 Biochemical Characteristics of Bacterial Isolates 32
4.4 Mean Total Viable Count of Microbiology Laboratory Dumpsite 33
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure Title Page
1 Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Isolates 36
Abstract
The unhygienic disposal of waste has been reported to contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance in the environment. This study was conducted to examine the occurrence and antibiotic resistance status of bacteria on a Microbiology laboratory dumpsite. A total of 6 samples were analysed for the presence of bacteria. Isolation was done by pour plate method using selective agar, Eosin-methylene-blue (EMB) agar and MacConkey agar. Total coliform count was determined by pour plate method on MacConkey agar plates. Suspected isolates were identified and characterised using conventional biochemical methods. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was carried out using four antibiotics: gentamycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin and ceftriazone by disc diffusion method. A total of 10 isolates made up of 5 genera (Escherichia coli, Proteus spp., Bacillus spp., Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp.) were isolated from the dumpsite. Total viable count ranged from 3.0 x 109 cfu/ml to 6.2 x 109 cfu/ml. Total coliform count ranged from 2.8 x 107 cfu/ml to 4.8 x 107 cfu/ml. Resistance to test antibiotics ranged from 40% to 80%. All isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone. These results show the dumpsite serve as reservoirs of antibiotic resistant bacteria species which may have public health consequences.
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