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ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE OF BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM FISH PONDS
Categories
Table of contents
Table of Context vi
List of Tables viii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study 1
1.2 Aim of the Study 5
1.3 Objectives of the Study 5
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Antimicrobial Agents 6
2.2 Resistance Mechanisms 6 2.3 Antimicrobial Agentsin Aquatic Environment 8
2.4 Antimicrobial Resistance in the Aquatic Environment 11
2.5 Spread of Antimicrobial Resistance 13
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 Selection of Sampling Area 17
3.2 Sterilization of Glassware 17
3.3 Media Preparation 17
3.4 Isolation and Identification of Microorganisms 17
3.5 Identification and Characterization of Isolated Organisms 18
3.5.1 Microscopic Identification of Bacteria Isolates Gram Staining 18
3.5.2 Catalase Test 19
3.5.3 Oxidase Test 19
3.5.4 Citrate Utilisation Test 20
3.5.5 Urease Test 20
3.5.6 Indole Test 20
3.5.7 Haemolysis Test 21
3.5.8 Kligler Iron Agar (KIA) 21
3.6 Antibiotic Resistance Test 21
3.7 Preparation of Inoculum 21
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULT
4.1 Bacterial Isolates from Aquaculture Sample 23
4.2 Total Coliform Count 24
4.3 Total Viable Count 26
4.4 Biochemical Characterization of Isolates from Fishpond Waste Water 28
4.5 Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing 20
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Discussion 32 5.2 Conclusion 34
5.3 Recommendations 34
References 35
LIST OF TABLE
Table Title Page
4.1 Total Coliform Count 25
4.2 Total Viable Count 27
4.3 Biochemical Characterization of Bacterial Isolates 29
4.4 Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test Result on the Isolates 31
Abstract
The contribution of aquaculture to the dissemination of antibiotic resistant pathogen in the environment can be quite significant. The isolation and antibiotic resistance profile of bacteria isolated from fishponds effluent located within Ago-Iwoye and Ijebu-ode were carried out using standard microbiological methods. Isolation was done by pour plate method on Eosin Methylene Blue agar and Xylose-Lysine Deoxyolate agar. The total coliform count and total viable count of the samples were done by pour plate method on MacConkey agar and Nutrient agar plates respectively. The antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates to five (5) antibiotics was done using disc diffusion method.
A total of 19 bacterial agents were isolated from ten samples analysed. Total viable count of the fish ponds samples ranged from 3.9 × 108cfu/ml to 10.3 × 108 cfu/ml. The total coliform count of the sample ranges from 1.6 x 108 to 5.0 x 108. Isolates shows varying resistance with 100% resistance to Ampicillin. Some of the isolates shows susceptibility to ceftriaxone.
These result shows that the sampled aquaculture effluent served as reservoir of antibiotic resistant bacteria which is of great consequences especially to the receiving environments such as surface waters and infiltration to groundwater.
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