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ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE OF BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM FISH PONDS

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Table of contents

Table of Context                                                                                                         vi

List of Tables                                                                                                              viii

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1       Background to the Study                                                                                1

1.2       Aim of the Study                                                                                            5

1.3       Objectives of the Study                                                                                  5

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW                                

2.1       Antimicrobial Agents                                                                                     6

2.2       Resistance Mechanisms                                                                                  6    2.3       Antimicrobial Agentsin Aquatic Environment                                              8

2.4       Antimicrobial Resistance in the Aquatic Environment             11

2.5       Spread of Antimicrobial Resistance                                                               13

CHAPTER THREE                          

3.1       Selection of Sampling Area                                                                            17

3.2       Sterilization of Glassware                                                                              17

3.3       Media Preparation                                                                                         17

3.4       Isolation and Identification of Microorganisms                                      17        

3.5       Identification and Characterization of Isolated Organisms                            18        

3.5.1    Microscopic Identification of Bacteria Isolates Gram Staining                        18

3.5.2    Catalase Test                                                                                                   19

3.5.3    Oxidase Test                                                                                                   19

3.5.4    Citrate Utilisation Test                                                                                   20

3.5.5    Urease Test                                                                                                     20

3.5.6    Indole Test                                                                                                      20

3.5.7    Haemolysis Test                                                                                             21

3.5.8    Kligler Iron Agar (KIA)                                                                                 21

3.6       Antibiotic Resistance Test                                                                              21

3.7       Preparation of Inoculum                                                                                21

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULT

4.1       Bacterial Isolates from Aquaculture Sample                                                  23

4.2       Total Coliform Count                                                                                     24

4.3       Total Viable Count                                                                                         26

4.4       Biochemical Characterization of Isolates from Fishpond Waste Water   28        

4.5       Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing                                                             20

CHAPTER FIVE                                                                                                      

5.1       Discussion                                                                                                       32        5.2       Conclusion                                                                                                      34

5.3       Recommendations                                                                                          34

References                                                                                                                  35

LIST OF TABLE 

Table  Title                                                                                                                Page

4.1       Total Coliform Count                                                                                     25

4.2       Total Viable Count                                                                                         27

4.3       Biochemical Characterization of Bacterial Isolates                               29

4.4       Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test Result on the Isolates                      31

Abstract

The contribution of aquaculture to the dissemination of antibiotic resistant pathogen in the environment can be quite significant. The isolation and antibiotic resistance profile of bacteria isolated from fishponds effluent located within Ago-Iwoye and Ijebu-ode were carried out using standard microbiological methods. Isolation was done by pour plate method on Eosin Methylene Blue agar and Xylose-Lysine Deoxyolate agar. The total coliform count and total viable count of the samples were done by pour plate method on MacConkey agar and Nutrient agar plates respectively. The antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates to five (5) antibiotics was done using disc diffusion method.

A total of 19 bacterial agents were isolated from ten samples analysed. Total viable count of the fish ponds samples ranged from 3.9 × 108cfu/ml to 10.3 × 108 cfu/ml. The total coliform count of the sample ranges from 1.6 x 108 to 5.0 x 108. Isolates shows varying resistance with 100% resistance to Ampicillin. Some of the isolates shows susceptibility to ceftriaxone. 

These result shows that the sampled aquaculture effluent served as reservoir of antibiotic resistant bacteria which is of great consequences especially to the receiving environments such as surface waters and infiltration to groundwater. 

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